In 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr Composed“Letter From The

In 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr composed â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail† when the African-Americans community was struggling for black and white equality. Readers can perceive this by the diction that Dr. King practices, like â€Å"Negro,† which was used around that time and still being used. One can also see through the context of his letter that Dr. King wants equality for the African-American community. Martin Luther King s intention of writing this letter is trying to convince the clergymen that his â€Å"Community† and he demonstrated because it was necessary at that time. Meanwhile, he uses condemnatory and persuasive tone to attempt to influence the reader to agree with him. In this way, his message, in fact, served a three-part purpose:†¦show more content†¦King states, â€Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in At lanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South....† One purpose of the introduction is to set up his trustworthiness as a citizen of the United States of America. Trying to prove that he has just as much understanding on the matter of injustice and racial discrimination, if not extra. King then appeals to emotion or pathos by explaining the sufferings; his community has passed through. He says, â€Å"When you has seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.†, moreover, â€Å"when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters.† In this sentence, he is exercising subversive words like â€Å"vicious mobs† an affinity such as â€Å"lynch your mothers and fathers. Through practicing this kind of vocabulary and sentence construction King is making them envision and feel what he had seen his family and friends go through in difficult times. Throughout the entire paragraph that uses this kind of sentence structure and vivid imagery, the readers begin to feel King’s position, pain, and struggles he had to go through. It is an impassioned paragraph that usesShow MoreRelatedArgumentation Teqniques Used in Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From Birmingham Jail692 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Now is the time to lift our national policy from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of human dignity (pg. 941).† In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and sent to jail for leading a peaceful march in Birmingham in which the city officials issued no parade permit. From the jail cell in Birmingham, Martin Luther King Jr. composed â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† in response to the eight clergymen who had attacked his character and work for civil rights through the publicationRead MoreReflection About Martin Luther King1874 Words   |  8 Pageswork of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to correspond to that interpretation fully. However, rather than him learning how to master the skills outlined in the Kouzes and Posner text, I believe that Dr. King was born with leadership skills. Martin Luther King, Jr., whose actual birth name was Michael King, later would adopt the name Martin Luther honoring the memory of the German Protestant leader Martin Luther was born January 15, 1929. He was born in rural Atlanta, Georgia, to Michael King, Sr. the pastorRead MoreMlk Jr.’S â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†1325 Words   |  6 PagesMLK Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† While unaware of the impact this would have on the American people, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† turned into an iconic piece of American history. King’s tremendous work as a civil rights activist through non-violent protest changed our day-to-day life, and his words captured the entire American population. King was persuasive due to his genuine nature and passion for his work, which is easily communicated in his writing. SpecificallyRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail1707 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the span of Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963) Martin Luther King Jr., makes stretched out implications to various logicians, among them Aquinas and Socrates. His correlation would appear to show that he imparts a liking to them. In any case, the clearness with which he makes his contentions and the commitment to a solitary start strikes most firmly of Kant. Similarly, as Kant s artful culmination, Critique of Pure Reason, endeavored to totally overturn a formerly acknowledged method ofRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Martin Luther King Jr, as Opposed to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois and Malcom X2045 Words   |  9 PagesMalcolm X, a black supremacist was a member of the NOI (Nation of Islam) and based his platforms of teachings off from religion. Martin Luther King Jr.’s approach towards gaining equality was of nonviolent actions. This proved to have been the most effective way to solidify through legislature the civil rights of African Americans within America. With that solid, Martin Luther King Jr. was the most productive and influential African American civil rights leader within the civil rights movement. Read MoreLetter From Birmingham City Jail Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2015 Letter From Birmingham City Jail Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the Letter from Birmingham City Jail to the clergymen, saying that they criticized the actions and how they were targeting him. He explains in the letter how the city of Birmingham has gone through all the nonviolent campaigns and that it proves that their is serious racial injustice. Martin Luther King Jr. composed the letter to Birmingham in 1963. The reason why so many people were complaining about King and when he wasRead MoreDevelopment of Transcendentalism901 Words   |  4 Pagesthis type of negotiation were often considered radical for their introduction of it to society. Among those transcendentalists was Henry David Thoreau, who wrote â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Mohandas Gandhi, who wrote â€Å"Satyagraha†, and Martin Luther King Jr., who wrote â€Å"Letters from Birmingham Jail†. Henry David Thoreau used the theory of transcendentalism in â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† These three transcendentalists influenced the world’s belief in civil disobedience today. Now, the real question is what is transcendentalismRead More The Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesOn April 16, 1963, from a jail in Birmingham, Alabama, Martin Luther King Jr. composed an extensive letter to eight clergymen who condemned the timing of the civil rights movement. Although the letter was addressed to these eight clergymen, the Letter from Birmingham Jail speaks to a national audience, especially King’s â€Å"Christian and Jewish brothers†(King, 29). His peaceful but firm letter serves as a remarkably persuasive voice to an immensely chaotic mess, and is seen as a major turning pointRead MoreA Comprehensive Information About The Life Of Martin Luther King Essay2220 Words   |  9 Pages Martin Luther King Name of Writer: Name of Institution:  The purpose of this research paper is to provide the comprehensive information about the life of Martin Luther King. This paper provides the deep analysis of different aspects of a life of king along with the comprehensive detail on different movements which he starts during his lifetime to achieve freedom. The whole life achievements of the Martin Luther King is clearly explaining in this paper so that the reader give the comprehensiveRead MoreRacial Segregation During The 1960 s Civil Rights Movement Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pagesof the most influential leaders of the Civil Rights Movement was Martin Luther King Junior who is known for his use of nonviolent direct action, which often entailed the violation of laws as an act of civil disobedience. On April 16, 1963, King composed his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† where he accepted the consequences for his disobedience against the Birmingham law which forbids one to parade without a permit. In the letter, King explains the intent of nonviolent direct action, and that although

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 986 Words

Capital punishment, where it’s practiced in fifty-eight countries, is currently being utilized to get rid of convicted felons. Certain issues brought into politics have been judged based on religion which bumps heads with the non-religious. In the United States church and state are separate based on the First Amendment. Religion, in some issues that politicians have to face to make a decision, is often put into perspective; in order to prevent future complications. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a political issue where religion plays a significant role when it comes to those who oppose capital punishment. According to Peggy Parks, capital punishment, which has been around for thousands of years, is in favor of â€Å"64 percent of citizens since 2011 (1)†. According to The Principles of Government, many executions in the 1700s were performed because of forgery, robbery, or illegally cutting down trees (92). Fortunately, these United States only e xecute those who commit murder. Nevertheless, people argue that it is immoral for the United States to perform such heinous acts. To begin with, the Eighth Amendment of the Bill of Rights states that, â€Å"nor cruel and unusual punishment shall be inflicted† meaning if someone was to be punished, the punishment must be evenhanded with the crime committed (Sidlow 74). When murderers are put on death row, they are able and lucky enough to spend time with their family; not to mention having the last meal of their choice.Show MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced byRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

Psychology The Learning Perspective Essay - 1882 Words

Psychology is a broad subject filled with many different theories, several theories of which that were particularly interesting fall under the topic â€Å"The Learning Perspective†. In fact, Learning is described as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or by being taught. This paper takes a leap further into the psychology and true meaning behind the Learning Perspective, as well as its Biological Importance in our everyday lives. The ideology behind his perspective basically revolves around the idea that behavior is trained, conditioned, reinforced and essentially reflexive. Two of the main theories are listed as follows; The Behaviorism theory and The Cognitive theory. Each theory draws a clear distinction about its differences and similarities with its connection to stimuli. For example, in both sub theories, such as Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning, an action is done and a specific response is given. What sets both theories apart are the positivity or negativity of the reward for the action. From this paper, the importance of Learning is discussed as well as the effectiveness of the different theories and its principles that define and set each other apart. The Learning Perspective and its Biological Importance If we would take a look around us, this world, this age and this moment; all filled with learning experiences. Learning is how we carry on knowledge; it is an astonishing strategy we as humans use to enhance our race. AsShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology : A Unique Subfield Of Psychology1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a unique subfield of psychology. The history of the psychology dates back in 387 BC when Plato had inferred that the human brain is a device comprising of mental structures. Charles Darwin coined the theory of evolution called â€Å"Survival of the Fittest† when he disseminated his On the Origin of Species in 1859. Many other names have made major contributions in the field of psychology. However, it was Leon Festinger, in 1957, who propositioned his postulation of â€Å" CognitiveRead MoreMy Paper On Is Educational Psychology1545 Words   |  7 Pages The topic pertinent to psychology that i chose to do my paper on is educational psychology. Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational settings like classrooms. This branch not only involves just the learning process of early childhood and adolescence but it also involves the social, emotional, and cognitive learning processes that are involved in humans throughout their entire lifespan. Educational psychology combines numerous amountsRead MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Psychology Module 1. Explain how a person committed to each of the following contemporary perspectives would explain human aggression. a. Psychodynamic: A person committed to psychodynamics would see that human functions are based on the interaction of drives and forces within the unconscious mind of a person. This influences different structures of the personality of the person as well. In addition, a person that is committed to psychodynamics would believe that the fundamentalRead MoreEssay on Educational Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pagesof the more popular areas of psychology is Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology can be explained several ways. The idea is to study theories and concepts from different parts of psychology and apply them in educational settings. These educational settings may occur in different school settings such as preschool. The goal of educational psychology is to create a positive student-teacher relationship. Educational psychology uses five different types of psychology, behavioral, cognitive, developmentalRead More11381 Words   |  5 PagesIt? Journal Psychology (S2958282) Faith Eke Points possible:  30 Date: ____________ Answer the questions below. When you are finished, turn in your assignment for grading. Use complete sentences and answer each part of the assignment. 1. Think of a time in your life when someone you know was having difficulty. Using that example, choose the statement from the list below that seems most true. Then, for the statement you choose, write which perspective or branch from psychology (humanistic, positiveRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology The American Psychological Association has identified 54 divisions within the field of psychology (Plante, 2011). Each division has stemmed from one of the seven major perspectives: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biological, and evolutionary. This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Medication On The Body935 Words   |  4 Pagesdeals with the study of how medication is used to treat mental disorders. This approach comes with ongoing learning of the effects of medication on the body, and also how the body impacts medication. This however, does not exclude therapy with the client. Psychiatrists and other trained medical doctors utilize this area for the treatment of patients with mental disorders. Sociocultural perspective is based on the position that the environment, social and cultural influences affect a person’s behaviourRead MoreThe Rise of the Cognitive Perspective1123 Words   |  5 PagesRise of the Cognitive Perspective Throughout the history of modern psychology there has been no greater breakthrough than the development of the cognitive perspective. From the beginning of the late 1950 s, the cognitive perspective has dominated all other forms of psychology, but to better understand why this perspective rose so quickly one must first understand what it is. The cognitive perspective can best be described as a genre of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transformRead MoreDiscovering Psychology1356 Words   |  6 Pagesof Social Sciences PSY/211 Version 3 Essentials of Psychology Copyright  © 2013, 2012, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course overviews the foundations of psychology as the field applies to everyday life. The physical and mental aspects of psychology are traced through lifespan development with emphasis on psychological health and wellness. Further study focuses on personality; thinking, learning and memory; motivation and emotions; and gender andRead MoreBehaviorism, Cognitive, and Humanistic Essay example906 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviorism, Cognitive and Humanistic All Summed Up Janice M. Brown Aspects of Psychology Professor Trego November 8, 2012 Behaviorism, Cognitive, and Humanistic Behaviorism, cognitive and humanistic are all perspectives (or theories) of psychology. Behaviorism is a perspective that suggests that all behaviors are learned. What I mean by that is according to John B. Watson who founded the school of psychology, suggests the behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. [ (Cherry, 2012)

Chaucers Views On Wife Of Bath And Feminism - 1529 Words

â€Å"Views on Wife of Bath and Feminism† In the time period of the 14th century, many woman faced inequality. Women were not viewed to uphold the same quota as men. Most females were viewed as passive to males and were not able to make many demands in their relationships or make any contributions to their own survival or life. In the â€Å"Wife of Bath Tale†, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, Chaucer gives an insight into the struggles of a woman. Chaucer gives a voice for women who cannot speak for themselves. He creates a tale for the Wife of Bath that includes and questions the societal views of women. Written in the words of a woman, Chaucer undermines what it means to be a female in the fourteenth century who desires independence and†¦show more content†¦Women should be at one with their being and be able to speak on social and psychic truths. Chaucer is an author that goes against what would be considered normal for this time period. He attempts to write as a female to represent a female perspective and ent er into debate about the role of a woman. Stated in the text, â€Å"We can argue straightforwardly that women were marginalized and subordinate, that women lived and suffered under patriarchy.†(Treacher133). Women were viewed as being inferior. Are we to believe and follow the views created by men and for men? Chaucer is a man who creates a story told by a woman for woman and men. He seeks to show that women can speak up and does not need approval by men, â€Å"But that the Queen and other ladies as well implored the King to exercise his grace, so ceaselessly, he gave the Queen the case and granted her his life, and she could choose whether to show him mercy or refuse.† (Chaucer157). In the example, the King and the Queen represents at a higher power how a male and female is to be equal. It is shown that the Queen’s opinion and a woman’s opinion in general are just as important and purposeful as the King’s opinion. Chaucer uses the scenario of two powerful authority figures, the King and Queen, as an example for others to follow. The idea of the queen being able to make decisions concerning the knight, and the husband passing his power to his wife shows an equal relationship. The king and queen was used as a symbol thatShow MoreRelatedThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue And Tale990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wife of Bath s Prologue and Tale is about female empowerment it shows strong protagonists. I believe Geoffrey Chaucer used The Wife of Bath’s Tale to advocate for feminism. Chaucer used a strong female character to expose female stereotypes. It was an oppressive time for women in male-dominated society. During the Middle Ages, Chaucer wrote from a woman’s point of view something that was not normal at that time. He set his feminist ideals through the characters of the Wife of Bath and the oldRead MoreChaucers The Canterbury Tales1381 Words   |  6 Pagesthe tales, the author depicts the inequality that is resulti ng from this. Despite what many would think based on his writing, Chaucer is not a misogynist. Chaucer only shows the perception of women in his society with an indication of his feminist views as well. Looking back through history, women and men were treated differently. There was a common belief back in the days that men were superior to women. Aristotle, for instance, â€Å"assumed that male domination was the rule in all natural species†Read MoreFeminism In Chaucers The Wife Of Bath1216 Words   |  5 Pageswork and attempting to understand how it applies to modern day readers. As with other pieces of literature, this is also true for Chaucer’s â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,† where many contemporary scholars hail Chaucer as feminist icon for his depiction of an eloquent, independent woman. This interpretation, however, is flawed because it is highly anachronistic. Feminism, as we understand the term today, did not emerge until the 19th Century. Though there were certainly medieval writers who wrote aboutRead MoreSex in The Canterbury Tales Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesinstrument in The Canterbury Tales. Portraying sex as a power that women exert over men rather than the marital bond of â€Å"making love† makes evident Chaucer’s skewed views of love and marriage with underlying tones of misogyny. He expresses these views throughout the work, however, the theme of love and sex is most evident in the sub-stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale. Chaucer breaks the topic of sex into two basic parts: carnality and romanticism. Although carnal love is a controversialRead MoreThe Role Of Women In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1035 Words   |  5 Pages The idea of a woman’s place in society is as controversial now as it was over six hundred years ago. Geoffrey Chaucer first explores this in his famous collection of stories The Canterbury Tales. In Chaucer’s tales, he explores the situations of multiple individuals of varying backgrounds in the medieval time period. Each character tells a story that reveals some aspect of their morality and personality. Quite often, their tale also reveals their opinion of a certain overlying subject; suchRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer Stance on Feminism1254 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not Geoffrey Chaucer was ahead of his time in terms of his views on feminism has been up for debate for hundreds of years. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue is just one solitary example of the complicated nature of Chaucer’s belief system. On the one hand, we have many strong female characters that despite still being extremely dependant on the men in their lives, know what they want out of life. From a contrasting point of view, readers see a group of men, including Chaucer as the writer himselfRead MoreEssay on No Apologies for The Wife of Bath851 Words   |  4 Pages     Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the author portrays the Wife of Bath, Alison, as a woman who bucks the tradition of her times with her brashness and desire for control. Chaucer is able to present a strong womans point of view and to evoke some sympathy for her.    In the authors time, much of the literature was devoted to validating the frailties of women.   However, in this story, the Wife is a woman who has outlived four of five husbands for ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s The Time Of Women 1760 Words   |  8 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer is a defining figure throughout Medieval European literature, Throughout time women have been placed in a subjugated position. Men have placed themselves as the leaders but to contest the unfairness in rule feminism became a movement. Feminism is the movement, ideal set that women and men should be equal to each other in all ways. This includes socially, lawfully and any other way that would make the society better. In the time of Chaucer, the roles of women were very rigid andRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath And His Play With Gender Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesCohens Professor Robichaud Brit. literature 1 10/18/16 The Wife of Bath and his play with Gender (Feminist and or Misogynist) Like most of literature, The Wife of Bath can be read in multiple perspectives. Within The Wife of Bath, it can be read as feministic and or misogynistic. Chaucer projects his views towards feminism through the wife and her views and attitudes. Many literary critics explored the feministic views of The Wife of Bath. She is a strongminded and dominant woman who knows exactlyRead More Masculinity in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale Essay2175 Words   |  9 PagesMasculinity in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale      Ã‚   The Wife of Bath, with the energy of her vernacular and the voraciousness of her sexual appetite, is one of the most vividly developed characters of The Canterbury Tales. At 856 lines her prologue, or preambulacioun as the Summoner calls it, is the longest of any of the pilgrims, and matches the General Prologue but for a few lines. Evidently Chaucer is infatuated with Alisoun, as he plays satirically with both gender and class

Economic Implications of Brexit

Question: Discuss about theEconomic Implications of Brexit. Answer: Introduction Brexit is an abbreviation of Britain exit, which has been used to refer to the act of United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union (Reid, 2016). This paper will therefore give an overview of Britain Exit is and address its impacts both positive and Negative, touching on the European Union as a whole and the exiting United Kingdom. European Union is a political and economic partnership that that can be traced back to the world war two period. The current composition of the union after the exit of Britain is 27 countries. Brexit took place after a plebiscite conducted in June 2016 was cast in favor of the exit with 52% of the total thirty million of the population who voted casting their vote in favor of the exit while 48% voted against the exit. The idea behind the formation of European Union was enhancing economic cooperation between member countries by enabling free movements of people and goods within the member countries so that the resurgence of another war could be avoided because of the rapport that was likely to be developed. A number of reasons were cited as the possible reasons for Brexit. Most significantly was the Britains Desire to broker its own trade deals with other countries who are not members of the European Union. It has been argued that currently, the benefits that accrue to European Union Member countries are not as numerous as they were back in time. Then it would have been a big blow for any Country that decided to leave the union. Currently also, decline in the manufacturing coupled with diminishing tariffs and the overall decline of the European Union in the global market could have been used as the basis for the decision. (Ellison, 2016) There are however both positives and negatives of Brexit to Britain as a Country. European Union has been associated with so many bureaucracies. These bureaucracies have made it so hard for signing of trade deals with countries that are not members of the European Union. However with the exit, Britain will now be able freely negotiate and sign new trade deals without taking much time. This could not be possible for any member country .Britain can even sign free unilateral trade policy because it is not controlled by the rules of the union. (Godlee, 2016) It has also been argued that the Exit will enable the British government save several billions of pounds that would have been paid as contribution to the European Union budget. This value could change depending on the rate of economic growth after the exit. However, despite the fact that a considerable amount of savings will be possible, Howeverthese savings could be offset because of the economic decline that will be witnessed .Lower migration may also reduce the significance of these savings. (Mavrozacharakis, n.d.) The British government may also be forced to forego custom duty income to increase its changes of signing new trade deals with other countries. The country may also be obliged to continue contributing money to the union with the intent of preserving single assess. This therefore means that the overall effort will not be so impactful. A number of negative impacts have been identified as likely to result from the move by Britain. The first and most significant impact is that trade is likely to be tremendously affected. With the exit free movements of goods is likely to be restricted which is likely to reduce the volume of trade taking place between the country and other member countries. New Restrictions are likely to be imposed which will have an overall negative impact on the trade. Additionally with a reduction in the amount of trade economic growth is also likely to b impacted. The level of economic growth within a country is directly proportional to the level of economic activity within a county (Emerson, 2016). Research has shown that almost half of all goods exported by Britain were exported to the European Union; this was possibly because of free trade that is allowed between member states. However compared to the period when Britain was a member of the European Union to currently economic growth has greatly declined because this free movement of goods is possible for member countries. It will also be costly for exporters who will have to incur additional costs for exports to European Union member countries will A negative trend in the economy of a country is likely to have a detrimental impact in its overall growth. The exit could also have an impact on foreign investments .It has been argued that one of the reasons that had influenced direct investments by foreign companies in Britain was as a result of the possibility of accessing a single market. However the reliability of this argument has not been established because there are several factors that can influence investments in foreign countries. Loss of value of the British piound.Significantly affected was the British pound which depreciated in value after Brexit. The pound recorded significant depreciation in relation to other major world currencies such as the US dollar. The depreciation recorder in only two days after Brexit had never been experienced in the country for more than three decades. Not only has the exit affected the British pound it is has also affected the relationship between Britain and its trading partners in the international sphere. The move will not only affect the British Economy but other world economies as well. Being one of the largest economies in the world, Britains value of imports is estimated at billions of dollars. With the depreciation the value of the British pound its purchasing power will decline meaning that the economies of those other countries where the exports were originating from will not will have lost export revenue leading to a decline in their economic growth. So it there is going to be a decline in the economy of Britain the same will also happen for other European union economies based on the fact that the relationship between these countries was mutually dependent. In as far as the whole issue is concerned; Brexit is not a good thing for the United Kingdom because despite the fact that there are a number of advantages the disadvantages outweigh them. The first issue touches on security .In as far as security is concerned; members of the European Union have the advantage of sharing intelligence on security issues. With the rise in the incidences of insecurity world wide United is likely to be disadvantaged because unlike other countries within the union it will not be able to access shared intelligence information which is likely to have an impact on its security. (Heisbourg, 2016) The economic impact is another major reason as to why Brexit is not good for the United Kingdom. It has been estimated that by the year 2020 each home will have lost several thousands of pounds as result of Britain Exit. Not only will this lead to so much loss but it will also lead loss of several jobs. Basically a thriving economy is a source of employment however with Brexit the economic decline that is liklekty to be experienced will make several people jobless as the economy will not be able to create adequate jobs for the working population. (Das, 2016) For businesses in British that to some extent depend on international markets in countries that are mamanbers of the European their plans to expand their operations in more countries is likely to be hindered by this move. This will not only affect the particular businesses but also the wider economy of the country. The move will also deny Britain an opportunity to penetrate other markets because it will involve paying of taxes and deprive it the initial privilege of free movement of goods between European Union countries which is likely to impact on their ability to trade in the international markets. The Exit also mean that all the trade deals that existed between Britain and other European Union member states will no longer be operation meaning that the country will begin signing of trade deals and agreements with other countries afresh. This will to a large extent slow its development rate. References: Reid, G. (2016). Science and Brexit. Science. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4245 Ellison, R. (2016). Brexit triggers uncertainty over future of research in UK. Prescriber, 27(7), 14-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psb.1477 Godlee, F. (2016). Beyond Brexit. BMJ, i3615. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3615 Mavrozacharakis, E. Brexit (The Brexit as Expression of the Social and Democratic Deficit of the EU). SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2802580 Das, S. (2016). What Will History Make of Brexit?. Wilmott, 2016(85), 16-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wilm.10532 Heisbourg, F. (2016). Brexit and European Security. Survival, 58(3), 13-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2016.1186973 Harries, M. (2016). Brexit and Political Malpractice. Survival, 58(3), 31-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2016.1186975 Emerson, M. (2016). The Economics of a Brexit. Intereconomics, 51(2), 46-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-016-0574-2

Carvel Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

Tom Gleave prepared this instance under the supervising of Professor Mark Vandenbosch entirely to supply stuff for category treatment. The writers do non mean to exemplify either effectual or uneffective handling of a managerial state of affairs. The writers may hold disguised certain names and other placing information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any signifier of reproduction. storage or transmission without its written permission. Reproduction of this stuff is non covered under mandate by any reproduction rights organisation. To order transcripts or bespeak permission to reproduce stuffs. contact Ivey Publishing. Ivey Management Services. c/o Richard Ivey School of Business. The University of Western Ontario. London. Ontario. Canada. N6A 3K7 ; phone ( 519 ) 661-3208 ; facsimile ( 519 ) 661-3882 ; e-mail [ electronic mail protected ]/*Copyright  © 1999. Ivey Management Services Version: ( A ) 2010-01-12 In August 1998. Steven Wang. director of concern development for Beijing-based Carvel Asia Limited. was sing assorted ways to increase gross revenues in the company’s flagship merchandise class — ice pick bars. In the one twelvemonth that he had been on the occupation. Wang had worked at increasing the presence of the celebrated American trade name name throughout China’s capital metropolis. In sum uping the undertaking before him. Wang stated: The challenge is to develop a complete selling plan for a merchandise that is comparatively new to most Chinese. Therefore. much of what we need to make involves basic instruction — we need to guarantee that our clients and distribution spouses understand who we are. what we are about and what benefits our merchandises provide. At the same clip. we have been given a really limited advertisement and publicity budget. so any actions we take must be cost-efficient. Once we put a proved plan together in Beijing. we will reassign our larning to other parts of the state. CARVEL CORPORATION In 1934. Thomas Carvel founded Carvel Corporation ( Carvel ) in Hartsdale. New York after he converted his nomadic ice pick truck into a lasting wayside location. Originally. the company served merely soft ice pick cones and milk shakes before developing other merchandises. such as ice pick bars. By 1998. Carvel owned and operated over 300 retail shops in the U. S. . Canada. Puerto Rico and China. and had granted franchise rights to over 600 others. It had besides established over 4. 500 â€Å"wholesale† histories throughout the U. S. These mercantile establishments were chiefly in supermarkets. although some interstate main road eating houses and highend hotel locations had late been developed. The company’s system-wide gross revenues for 1997 exceeded U. S. $ 600 million. The merchandises Carvel sold fell into three classs — fountain ice pick. ice pick freshnesss and ice pick bars. Each retail shop was wholly self-sufficing. and hence. capable of bring forthing a myriad of soft and difficult ice pick spirits. every bit good as the full scope of Carvel freshnesss and ice pick bars. The fountain group consisted of soft and difficult ice pick cones. milk shakes and sundaes. Carvel’s freshnesss were all individual serving-sized merchandises that were sold for both in-store and place ingestion. The ice pick cakes class comprised a standard merchandise line known as Carvel Classics. a premium merchandise line known as Blue Ribbon. a forte line of character and freshness bars. every bit good as other single types of bars ( See Exhibit 1 ) . The Authoritative bars came in six. eight and ten-inch unit of ammunition sizes. 1 Each Authoritative bar was made by get downing with a bed of soft vanilla ice pick as the base. A cocoa wafer biscuit was so placed on top of the base. followed by a bed of Carvel â€Å"Crunchies. † an ingredient similar to chocolate cooky crumbs. Another bed of soft ice pick was so added before a concluding bed of cosmetic. vanilla-flavored ice pick whip was applied to the sides of the bar. go forthing the top surface available for a customer-specific message. Blue Ribbon bars were six-inch unit of ammunitions and came in such spirits as Sinfully Chocolate. Strawberries and Cream. and Cappucino. Unlike the Authoritative bars. Blue Ribbon bars were wholly covered with assorted whips and toppings. go forthing no possibility for the clients to add specific messages. Carvel’s character and freshness bars followed the same basic formula as the Classic bars and were designed to observe children’s birthdays. every bit good as peculiar vacations and events. They included long-time favourites such Fudgy the Whale. Huggy Bear. and Carvel Bunny. every bit good as Santa Claus bars that were sold during the Christmas vacation period and football-shaped bars around the one-year National Football League Super Bowl game. Other bars included various-sized rectangular â€Å"sheets† and half-cylinder â€Å"logs. † These bars followed the same formula as the Classic bars. Carvel’s shops were capable of fulfilling about any p articular order petition. provided that 24 to 48 hours’ notice was given. CARVEL IN CHINA In 1994. Carvel established Carvel Asia Limited to move as keeping company for the ice pick maker’s operational investings in Asia. get downing in Beijing. To this terminal. Carvel Asia Limited teamed up with China’s Ministry of Agriculture to make Beijing Carvel Food Company Limited ( Beijing Carvel ) . a joint venture every bit owned by both parties. By 1998. Beijing Carvel had established 10 retail shops and 150 sweeping histories throughout Beijing. The company had experienced losingss every twelvemonth since its origin ; nevertheless. its fiscal public presentation had steadily improved. In 1997. gross revenues exceeded 6. 000. 000 Rmb ( US $ 725. 000 ) 2 and the company was forecast to interrupt even within the following twelvemonth. Beijing Carvel derived about 45 per cent of its grosss from ice pick bar gross revenues and 55 per cent from fountain ice pick and freshness gross revenues. By comparing. Carvel’s U. S. operations generated about 60 per cent of its grosss from bars. 30 per cent from fountain merchandises and 10 per cent from novelty points. Beijing Carvel’s bars were purchased most frequently for birthdays and office parties. every bit good as for major vacations such as Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival. THE BEIJING Market Steven Wang. a fluently bilingual American-born Chinese. joined Carvel Asia Limited in September 1997. After passing three months at Carvel’s caput office in Farmington. Connecticut. he moved to Beijing with a precedence authorization to increase Beijing Carvel’s gross revenues. peculiarly in the ice pick cakes class. But. as Wang rapidly discovered. â€Å"this was traveling to be hard because there is an astonishing deficiency of information upon which to establish any determinations and what informations that are available are notoriously undependable. † Given this state of affairs. Wang relied on his ain observations. feedback from Beijing Carvel clients and gross revenues staff. and information gleaned from concern magazines and public studies to assist him do his determinations. In roll uping his findings. Wang identified several features about Beijing in general that he felt were of import to retrieve: the city’s overall economic growing rate for 1998-99 and 1999-2000 was forecast to be approximately eight per cent. with rising prices expected to be -1. 4 per cent. mean one-year base incomes had risen by 75 per cent over the past three old ages to 16. 100 Rmb ; approximately 300. 000 people were considered upper-middle or upper income earners based on mean one-year base incomes transcending 29. 800 Rmb. subsidized lodging. transit. medical services and instruction provided the mean occupant with an estimated entire income peer of 80. 000 Rmb. per twelvemonth. residential deep-freeze ownership amounted to about 15 for every 100 families. the city’s literacy rate was about 90 per cent. The Beijing ice pick market consisted of criterion and premium classs that were distinguished by monetary value and quality. Over 98 per cent of the approximative 35. 000 metric tons of ice pick merchandises yearly consumed in Beijing were manufactured by low-priced manufacturers who offered standard quality merchandises at low monetary values. These rivals focused on bring forthing a broad array of individual serving-sized ice pick and fruit juice-based merchandises. such as drumsticks. ice pick bath. sundaes and fruit-flavored ice lollies. Retail monetary values for these points normally fell between 1. 5 and 7 Rmb. Many rivals in the standard ice pick section were local manufacturers who demonstrated really small attempt or committedness in edifice consciousness for their trade names. In contrast. several joint-venture companies affecting high-profile foreign houses ( such as Wall’s. Bud’s and Nestle’s ) had entered the market in recent old ages with a strong committedness towards trade name edifice. This committedness was demonstrated by the significant market portion that these houses had jointly been able to earn. which went from virtually nil to an estimated 80 per cent of the standard ice pick section within the past seven old ages. The chief scheme deployed by these manufacturers was to lure retail merchants to sell their merchandises. To this terminal. the joint-venture companies developed alleged â€Å"freezer loan programs† wherein the manufacturers installed deep-freezes at all types of nutrient and general ware shops. To assist construct consciousness with possible clients. the external walls of the deep-freezes displayed colourful in writing designs. images of the company’s merchandises and the company’s logo. In exchange for the free installing and usage of the deep-freezes. retail merchants agreed to maintain the deep-freezes conspicuously displayed and to utilize them entirely for the patronizing company’s merchandises. In world. nevertheless. some retail merchants used the deep-freezes to sell several viing merchandises. Some besides turned off the electricity to the deep-freezes in order to salvage costs. Beijing’s premium ice pick market had non started to develop until Baskin-Robbins. one of Carvel’s strongest rivals in the U. S. . opened its first shop in 1992. Since so. the premium class had grown with add-on of Carvel and Haagen-Dazs. the lone other companies to offer ice pick bars in Beijing. By 1998. Baskin-Robbins had established 12 full-service retail mercantile establishments throughout the metropolis. The bill of fare in these shops were basically the same as those in the U. S. . although the entire figure of spirits available in Beijing were somewhat less. The company’s chief merchandise strengths were widely perceived to be its difficult ice pick and. to a lesser extent. its ice pick bars. Several standard bars were offered twelvemonth about. and orders could be placed for forte bars or bars necessitating specific messages. provided that 24 to 48 hours’ notice was given. All of the Baskin-Robbins shops offered siting for 15 to 20 people and were staffed by full-time directors and employees. Wang estimated that Baskin-Robbins entire one-year gross revenues in Beijing ranged from about â€Å"7. 000. 000 Rmb. on the lo w terminal to 8. 300. 000 Rmb. on the high terminal. with about 15 per cent coming from bars. † This papers is authorized for usage by Xia Hui. from 5/2/2011 to 8/12/2011. in the class: UGBA 106-3. 4: Selling ( Summer 2011 ) . University of California. Berkeley. Any unauthorised usage or reproduction of this papers is purely prohibited. The most recent entrant into the Beijing market was Haagen-Dazs. the transnational company perceived by many as specifying the criterion for â€Å"gourmet† ice pick. The company had antecedently established two shops in Shanghai before it decided to come in the Beijing market in August 1998. The Beijing shop was located in one of the most popular retail shopping territories. beside the posh Beijing International Hotel. and about 300 meters from Baskin’s flagship shop. Wang suggested that Haagen-Dazs positioned its shop as an â€Å"up-scale. full-service life style dress shop which catered to Beijing’s Westernized yuppies. † The merchandises offered included 14 spirits of difficult ice pick. ice pick bars. fancy sweets topped with cordials and ice pick bars. Most bars were made to make full specific client orders which were communicated in individual. or by phone or facsimile. The bars were stored in a multi-tiered show instance located instantly beside the shop entryway and were named consequently. As Wang noted with involvement. many were besides labelled as â€Å"Sold. † Because the shop had merely been unfastened for approximately two hebdomads. Wang felt that it was excessively shortly to be able to decently estimate the impact that Haagen-Dazs would hold on the ice pick bar market. However. he did recognize that the company had â€Å"deep pockets. † given that it had spent an estimated 2. 000. 000 Rmb. to advance the Beijing shop gap. This included visual aspects by several very important persons every bit good as local and national dad civilization and movie famous persons. BEIJINGâ €™S CONSUMERS In footings of Beijing’s consumers. Wang identified several properties that needed to be factored into the development of his selling plan. One factor was that China’s ingestion of dairy merchandises was among the lowest in the universe. Wang attributed this to China’s hapless substructure. which prevented healthful and cost-efficient distribution. and a high incidence of lactose-intolerance among Chinese. There were encouraging marks. nevertheless. that dairy merchandises were going much more platitude in China. Wang had learned that. over the old decennary. overall dairy merchandise ingestion had tripled in China and that ice pick was the most popular dairy merchandise consumed. In add-on. Chinese health-care professionals had become more vocal in recommending much greater ingestion of dairy merchandises in order to accomplish improved wellness. At the same clip. turning Numberss of Chinese had become progressively health-conscious and. in dispute to some long- held beliefs. had started to eat cold nutrients. As Wang related. â€Å"Many Chinese still believe that cold nutrients are bad for you. I have even seen it where parents will hold their child’s orange juice microwaved in the summer for fright the kid will catch a cold or grippe if it is intoxicated cold. Thankfully. some people are now recognizing that cold nutrients can be both delightful and good to your wellness. † In analyzing the premium ice pick market. Wang concluded that there were three client sections that held the greatest promise for increased gross revenues. viz. . in-between and upper category Chinese professionals. an emerging coevals of alleged â€Å"little emperors. † and exile occupants. These sections contrasted aggressively with the North American market where Carvel’s patronage was to a great extent skewed towards adult females aged 25 to 39. Wang stated: In Beijing. our most of import client section so far has been in-between and upper income working professionals who provide us with about 70 per cent of our bar gross revenues. This section comprises male and female Chinese. aged 25 to 45. who are seeking novel merchandises and experiences. These people are in an experimental frame of head these yearss since they have much greater incomes than they did merely a few old ages ago. They are more willing to buy alone merchandises for the new experiences they provide. Since many within this group are comparatively immature and no longer live at place. they tend to observe their birthdays or other particular occasions with their colleagues or friends. But there is still some conservativism within this section which prevents them from doing purchases that are viewed as hazardous. I think that is one of the grounds why our eight inch Classic bar is our best marketer. Another ground is that the Classic bars allow our clients to c ustom-make their messages on top of the bar — this is something that is really culture-driven in China. Wang believed that one potentially moneymaking section that he should see aiming was kids and immature adolescents. This was because the infliction of China’s â€Å"one-child policy† had created an interesting moral force in the market place. Wang explained: Back in 1980. the authorities imposed the â€Å"one-child policy† as a agency of restricting the country’s detonating population. As a effect. an full coevals of alleged â€Å"Little Emperors† has now emerged and virtually all sellers are seeking to calculate out how to make them. The label â€Å"Little Emperor’’ has been used to convey the impression that. since most of these kids have no brothers or sisters. they are continuously spoiled by their parents and two sets of grandparents. This has created a blessing for those companies that can efficaciously work the fact that many urban households are now passing over 60 per cent of their disposable income on their kids. This means that these â€Å"Little Emperors† are used to acquiring about anything they want. everything from computing m achines and video games to Michael Jordan jerseies and gym shoes. . . and this material is non inexpensive! We have determined that approximately 20 per cent of bar gross revenues are being driven by Small Emperors. and with 1. 5 million kids in Beijing between the ages of five and 12. there must be a manner we can acquire them and their parents more interested in bars. To day of the month. about 10 per cent of Beijing Carvel’s one-year gross revenues came from Beijing’s 100. 000 strong exile community. These were chiefly foreign concern and embassy employees ( and their households ) who were populating and working in Beijing. The huge bulk of these people lived in and around two big embassy territories that were located on the east side of the metropolis. In contrast to many local occupants. â€Å"expats† frequently lived in more comfy milieus in footings of both populating infinite and the handiness of comfortss ( such as place contraptions. dependable hot H2O supply and dedicated telephone lines. ) In sing aiming this section. Wang had assorted feelings. On the one manus. he realized that exiles would be easier to make than the two chief Chinese sections. This was because most Westerners were to a great extent concentrated in one subdivision of the metropolis where they normally lived in flat edifices that catered entirely to aliens. In add-on. virtually all North American and most Europeans populating in Beijing had an first-class bid of English which meant that Beijing Carvel could avoid the cost and attempt of interpreting a entire selling plan into Chinese. Furthermore. this same group was familiar with ice pick merchandises in general. and ice pick bars in peculiar. Therefore. relatively small attempt needed to be done to accommodate a Western-style selling plan to Beijing since many exiles understood Beijing Carvel’s merchandises and their benefits. and Carvel mostly understood the buying wonts and standards of these consumers. On the other manus. Wang was concerned that excessively much attempt dedicated to pulling exile clients would take away from Beijing Carvel’s ability to make a much wider audience. IMPROVING BEIJING CARVEL’S PERFORMANCE As Wang began to develop a selling plan for Beijing Carvel’s ice pick bars. he realized that he had several options to analyse before doing his concluding determinations. Several determinations had to be made refering the types of merchandises to concentrate on selling and their corresponding monetary values. One option was to spread out the figure of merchandises offered. Wang believed that two merchandises Carvel had marketed in the U. S. might besides accommodate the Beijing market. The first was the â€Å"Little Love. † a smaller ( six-inch unit of ammunition — 600 gm ) Classic bar which retailed in the U. S. for $ 7. 99. These bars were marketed as an â€Å"everyday† merchandise by which consumers could â€Å"turn any common twenty-four hours into a particular juncture by functioning a Carvel bar. † To this terminal. Carvel targeted working female parents because they could â€Å"surprise the family† by buying a Small Love on the manner place from work. Wang believed that the Little Loves had a potentially broad entreaty because their lower monetary value would cut down the â€Å"purchase risk† felt by he sitant clients. The nature of the merchandise might besides appeal to female parents who were interesting in fulfilling the wants of their â€Å"Little Emperors. † The other merchandise that Wang believed had possible in the Beijing market was â€Å"Piece of Cake. † The formulas and names for these merchandises were indistinguishable to those of the company’s Classic and Blue Ribbon bars. and were separately made in their ain 96-gram. triangular-shaped casts. The principle underlying the sale of these merchandises was to cut down â€Å"purchase hazard. † By supplying consumers with what it called a â€Å"saleable sample. † the company hoped to bring on more tests of its larger bars. Originally. these merchandises were met with a noticeable degree of opposition from many U. S. franchisees who believed that such merchandises would non be deserving selling at the mark monetary value of US $ 0. 99 for all spirits. However. given the smaller incomes in China. Wang believed that a â€Å"Piece of Cake† might appeal to Beijingers who were still unfamiliar with the ice pick bar construct. Such a merchandise offering would besides separate Beijing Carvel from its chief rivals since they offered no similar merchandise — one that could be easy consumed in-store. One concern that he did hold was the deficiency of concrete informations from the U. S. to turn out whether or non â€Å"Piece of Cake† gross revenues really induced tests of larger bars. In footings of current bill of fare points. Wang was diffident whether o r non he should set Beijing Carvel’s bar monetary values because of the consequence it might hold on Carvel’s image relation to its rivals. This was an particularly of import consideration given that the company’s bar monetary values were already lower than both Baskins and Haagen-Dazs ( See Exhibit 2 ) . Part of this difference was due to the recent 10 to 20 per cent monetary value decrease that Beijing Carvel made across all merchandise groups. Although this monetary value cut resulted in an addition in gross revenues. it was excessively early to state if the decrease in borders had been offset. One possible pricing option was to pull out greater cost decreases from the fabrication procedure and base on balls these nest eggs on to the consumer. This could be done commanding the degree of â€Å"over-run† used in doing the ice pick. Wang described the procedure as follows: Over-run is an industry term used to quantify the sum of air that is whipped into ice pick during its production — the lower the figure. the richer or denser the ice pick. The standard manufacturers typically use an 80 to 90 per cent over-run. Basically. this means you are eating a batch of air! The upper-end participants [ including Carvel ] typically use a 30 to 40 per cent over-run. In other words. when you bite into our ice pick. you eat ice pick! What surprises me the most. though. is that despite such an obvious difference. in some recent unsighted gustatory sensation trials we conducted. many Chinese still seem to prefer the low-end assortment. Wang estimated that he could take down his cost of variable costs by five per cent if Beijing Carvel increased its over-run to a 45 to 50 per cent degree. Although such a move would ensue in ice pick that more closely resembled the widely popular criterion ice pick merchandises. he recognized the possibility that this could compromise Carvel’s image for quality in the market. Therefore. he knew that he would necessitate caput office blessing before continuing. Distribution In researching his distribution options. Wang needed to find. foremost. how he could better gross revenues in Beijing Carvel’s bing retail and sweeping locations ; 2nd. whether or non he should aim the growing of specific channels more than others ; and 3rd. whether or non he should go out certain locations. The trouble he faced in doing these determinations stemmed from the broad variableness in public presentation among all distribution channel types. wherein no clear form of success had yet been established. In footings of Beijing Carvel’s retail shops. merely four were viewed as â€Å"full service† because they entirely offered all Carvel merchandise lines and each could suit 15 to 20 clients. The staying six shops were scaled-down mercantile establishments which served merely difficult ice pick and bars. and had small or no available seating. In contrast to Carvel’s North American shops. the Beijing shops did non bring forth most merchandises on site. salvage for soft ice pick at the four full-service locations. Therefore. all ice pick bars. difficult ice pick and freshness points were supplied by a centralised production installation attached to the dorsum of Beijing Carvel’s retail shop on Wanfujing Lu. The Wanfujing shop served as the company’s flagship mercantile establishment since it was located on Beijing’s trendiest street where a broad array of celebrated foreign decorative. vesture and nutrient trade name names could be found. Because the monetary values in the environing country were considered really high by most Chinese. the Wanfujing country catered chiefly to foreign occupants and tourers. every bit good as Beijing’s emerging center and upper categories. In measuring the overall public presentation of Beijing Carvel’s retail shops. Wang commented: Our shops vary well in footings of location. size and merchandise offerings. Five of them are on the east side of the metropolis. although none of them are really in a foreign-dominated vicinities. The staying five are scattered throughout the other subdivisions of the metropolis where really few exiles or tourers of all time travel. The mean monthly gross revenues range from about 15. 000 Rmb. to 120. 000 Rmb. at the Wanfujing shop. In footings of investing. the stores’ ROIs scope from -25 to 60 per cent. This is because the build-out costs can change a great trade from shop to hive away. Our smallest locations can be built for every bit small as 70. 000 Rmb. while our full-service locations require a minimal investing of 415. 000 Rmb. This means that the break-even gross revenues points vary greatly among our shops. As a general regulation. a full-service shop demands to sell about 85. 000 Rmb. worth of merchandise per month to interrupt even. 3 The smaller shops need to sell about 7. 000 Rmb. per month to interrupt even. One interesting determination has been the public presentation of our Chao Bai shop. Chao Bai is our smallest shop in footings of physical size and one of our smallest in footings of gross revenues at merely 20. 000 Rmb. per month. but it provides us with our best return. in portion. because we have a good trade on the rent. More interesting. nevertheless. is the fact that over 90 per cent of its gross revenues come from bars — even though it is in a really C hinese vicinity. This is in crisp contrast to our Wanfujing shop where 45 per cent of gross revenues come from bars. If you take all shops combined. 45 per cent is about norm. but we do hold some sore musca volitanss in both foreign and local vicinities where bar gross revenues make up merely 20 per cent. These figures were based on an mean part border of 70 per cent on the current retail monetary value list for all menu points. Beijing Carvel’s variable cost for its bars ( which included ingredients. labour and packaging ) ranged from 30 to 35 per cent of the retail monetary value. In footings of sweeping mercantile establishments. Beijing Carvel had established gross revenues histories with assorted nutrient merchandisers which were categorized as follows: 25 in high-end supermarkets. 25 in local supermarkets. 40 in bakeshops. and 60 in eating houses and bars. In developing these histories. Beijing Carvel focused chiefly on turning its ice pick bar concern. although a limited choice of difficult ice pick and freshnesss was available at certain locations. Eight gross revenues account representatives were responsible for prospecting new histories and serving bing histories. Their responsibilities included educating sellers about the merchandises. every bit good as showing appropriate arrangement and presentation. All bars sold to the jobbers were priced at a 30 per cent price reduction off Beijing Carvel’s retail monetary values and were displayed in self-contained deep-freezes leased from Beijing Carvel. The high-end supermarkets serviced by Beijing Carv el were all joint-venture companies affecting good known foreign retail merchants such as Carrefour ( from France ) . Makro ( from Holland ) and Park ‘n’ Shop ( from Hong Kong ) . These shops offered the widest scope of nutrient and forte cookery points in Beijing and catered chiefly to the exile community and the turning figure of upper-income Chinese. In the instance of Carrefour and Makro. the nutrient subdivisions in these shops were portion of much bigger â€Å"discount† superstores that sold a broad assortment of difficult and soft goods. Despite their strong association with discounting in the West. the cost of many imported nutrient points offered at these shops was out of range for most Chinese. However. several locally owned supermarket ironss had emerged in recent old ages that catered to the larger ( and quickly turning ) in-between category in Beijing. Unlike the high-end supermarkets. points in these shops catered to local gustatory sensations and were offered at more moderate monetary values. Beijing Carvel believed that bakeshops were a natural point of distribution for ice pick bars since many consumers frequented these shops for flour- based bars and other points. Unlike southern China. flourbased nutrients were staple points in the diets of many northern Chinese. This meant that many Beijingers were accustomed to eating staff of life or buns on a day-to-day footing. every bit good as bars during periods of jubilation. Unlike the general usage in North America ( where people purchased birthday bars for those who were observing their birthday ) . in China the individual observing the birthday would frequently purchase a bar which he or she would so portion with friends and household. One concern that Wang had about developing bakeshop histories was related to the mean monetary values for flour-based bars. which were frequently 15 to 30 per cent less than Beijing Carvel’s bars. Beijing Carvel’s principle for developing sweeping histories in bars and eating houses was related to the outgrowth of Beijing’s middle and upper categories and the corresponding detonation in the figure of new feeding and imbibing constitutions throughout the metropolis in recent old ages. Since many of Beijing’s new center and upper categorie s were professionals who worked long hours. many of them had started to pass a great trade more clip feeding and socialising with friends and colleagues outside the place. As good. the Chinese tradition of carry oning concern in a societal ambiance besides meant that many of Beijing’s high income persons spent a great trade of clip entertaining bing and possible concern spouses. It was for this ground that Wang thought about stressing the development of KTV ( Karoke Bar ) histories. These constitutions provided private installations to people who were frequently willing to pass 1. 000 — 3. 000 Rmb per dark for entertaining concern associates and friends. Most suites at KTVs could comfortably suit 10 to 15 people and came equipped with a telecasting. hi-fidelity stereo system. karaoke machine and one or two dedicated hostesses. Because the focal point of the eventide was every bit much on feeding and imbibing as it was on vocalizing. a full scope of Chinese dishes could normally be ordered at any point during the dark. Wang was non pleased with the â€Å"quality† of many of the sweeping histories that had been recruited prior to his reaching. Though some advancement had been made. the job continued to blight Beijing Carvel. motivating Wang to propose: Much of the job is related to the fact that the eight gross revenues reps are compensated by the figure of histories they develop. non the quality of histories developed. This has meant that we have mix in footings of the quality of our histories within all the different types of mercantile establishments — about one tierce are solid performing artists. another 3rd mediocre and the other 3rd hapless. What we need now is extremist surgery to guarantee that the histories we have are worth the clip and attempt required to oversee them. This may intend cut downing our nonperforming histories and transfering our deep-freezes to other locations. Communicationss In analyzing his assorted communicating options. Wang knew that he was constrained by a budget of merely 165. 000 Rmb. for the approaching twelvemonth. However. he could bespeak extra support in the event that he identified an option which he deemed â€Å"very feasible† in footings of its cost-benefits analysis. This meant that. for the clip being. media such as telecasting and wireless were non well-founded options. Therefore. Wang needed to trust on assorted print media to convey what he believed was the most of import message that he wanted to present. specifically â€Å"Who we are. what we are about and the benefits of our merchandises. † This restriction was non viewed as a important obstruction because many Beijing occupants exhibited a strong penchant for geting their information through the print media. This was demonstrated by the fact that the metropolis was home to more than 30 day-to-day and hebdomadal newspapers and forte publications. many with circulation Numberss in the 100s of 1000s. This left Wang to see utilizing one or more of three print media options — a hebdomadal consumer newspaper. information leaflets and/or an amusement association voucher book. Beijing Shoppers Guide was a twice-weekly consumer newspaper that targeted the city’s emerging uppermiddle and upper categories. The majority of the print transcript was assigned to publicizing infinite which allowed companies to advance consciousness of their merchandises. Each edition had a circulation of 250. 000 and cost readers 1 Rmb. Ad costs were 10. 000 Rmb per edition for a four-square inch arrangement. Many companies used this infinite to present and depict their merchandises. every bit good as offer a cut-out. returnable voucher. These vouchers typically offered a 12 per cent price reduction off the retail monetary value because the figure eight was considered lucky in China. and hence. 88 was seen as double lucky. Wang believed that if he were to utilize this print medium. he would nece ssitate to offer more than the standard 12 per cent price reduction in order to bring on purchase. The advertisement cusp that Wang envisioned would be a dual-language. full-size ( about 8. 5† ten 11. 0† ) . double-sided calendered cusp which could turn up into tierces. One side would show images and monetary values of Beijing Carvel’s chief bill of fare points. with an accent on bars. The other side would expose a illumination map of Beijing bespeaking the references and phone Numberss of the company’s retail locations. every bit good as a price reduction voucher. Initial costs were estimated to be 0. 45 Rmb. per sheet for a lower limit of 2. 000 prints. If 5. 000 or more transcripts were ordered. the cost would be reduced to 0. 30 per sheet. Wang believed that the most effectual points of distribution would be outside several new shopping Centres located throughout the metropolis. including the shopping centres where shops were already established. This was because these Centres were cardinal finishs for Beijing’s emerging consumer categories. He felt that the most appropriate people to administer the cusps would be company employees. dressed in full Carvel uniform. The Beijing chapter of the Asian Hospitality Association ( AHA ) offered an amusement voucher book which profiled about 175 mid- to up-scale eating houses. restaurants. bars and diversio n constitutions. The book was revised yearly and sold to about 10. 000 local â€Å"members. † virtually all of whom were in the upper income section. for 198 Rmb. per transcript at the start of each twelvemonth. Members received an AHA rank card which they could so utilize as many times as they wished throughout the twelvemonth at any of the take parting advertisers’ constitutions. including company locations in other parts of Asia. The price reduction that Wang had in head was to offer AHA members a 12 per cent price reduction off all bar gross revenues. The cost for take parting advertizers was 4. 000 Rmb. for a half-page arrangement ( 3 inches high x 4 inches broad ) . Wang was confident that. because he knew the publication’s director. he could buy a standard arrangement in exchange for 2500 Rmb. worth of Beijing Carvel vouchers. THE DAYS AHEAD In looking at the undertaking before him. Steven Wang realized that he needed to do a series of sound determinations before his ice pick bar selling plan was complete. This included resolving inquiries about who to aim. what merchandises to concentrate on and what monetary values to bear down for those merchandises. He besides needed to decide what points of distribution would outdo addition Beijing Carvel’s coat gross revenues and how to back up these gross revenues through assorted print media options. The trouble of these determinations was compounded by the fact that ice pick bars were new to most Chinese and were derived from a comparatively unpopular nutrient group. Furthermore. the information that he had at his disposal to assist him do his determinations was. at times. undependable. â€Å"But. † as Wang determined. â€Å"this is non an alibi to avoid doing these determinations. † The Richard Ivey School of Business appreciatively acknowledges the generou s support of The Richard and Jean Ivey Fund in the development of this instance as portion of the RICHARD AND JEAN IVEY FUND ASIAN CASE SERIES.

Rented World by The Menzingers free essay sample

From the first driving chords of â€Å"I Don’t Wanna Be an A**hole Anymore† until the last tear-jerking notes of â€Å"When You Died,† the Menzingers have created a phenomenally emotional and relatable album. â€Å"Rented World† is a release like no other. Among the flamboyant pop stars and the over-produced radio garbage, it’s not so easy to find genuine, emotion-provoking, goosebump-radiating music today. â€Å"Rented World† is as real as it gets. The Menzingers produce hard-hitting lyrics throughout, but the song â€Å"Rodent† stands out to me lyrically. Delivering lines like â€Å"I’ve tried running/I’ve tried hiding/I’ve tried everything but dying/damn the days we took for granted† with such emotion and feeling creates an inseparable connection between you and the music. The main connection I have with the album is that it encompasses problems we all face. Self-conflict is expressed in â€Å"I Don’t Wanna Be an A**hole Anymore,† â€Å"Rodent,† â€Å"Bad Things,† and â€Å"In Remission. We will write a custom essay sample on Rented World by The Menzingers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Loss is portrayed in â€Å"My Friend Kyle† and â€Å"When You Died.† And love is seen in â€Å"Transient Love,† â€Å"Nothing Feels Good Anymore,† and â€Å"Where Your Heartache Exists.† Although not everyone may feel every song the way Tom May and Greg Barnett do, we’ve all been through these types of situations, making the songs very relatable. Musically, this record showcases the passion and skill the Menzingers have to offer. May and Barnett’s guitars complement each other extraordinarily well on songs like â€Å"Transient Love† and â€Å"Hearts Unknown.† The Menzingers also stay consistent with their previous records’ upbeat punk style with â€Å"The Talk† and â€Å"Sentimental Physics.† The experimental ballad â€Å"When You Died† shows Bob Dylan’s influence and strays from the Menzingers’ roots, but the track adds to the depth of the record. â€Å"Rented World† delivers a variety of fast- and slow-paced, emotion-driven punk songs that’ll be sure to give you goosebumps and have you singing along the whole way.

Watson And Crick Essay Example For Students

Watson And Crick Essay James Watson is a biochemist and Nobel laureate. He attended school at the University of Indiana, after graduating from the university he joined of the faculty at Harvard University. Before joining the faculty at Harvard he did postgraduate work with Francis Crick in the Cavendish lab, at the University of Cambridge. Watson and Crick worked out the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule. This is a substance that transmits the genetic characteristics from one generation to the next. They both thought that it should be possible to correctly guess it’s structure, given the experimental evidence of King’s College. They also thought they could figure out the possible stereochemical configurations of polynucleotide chains. They did there first serious effort, in the late fall of 1951 and it turned out to be unsatisfactory. On their second effort they had more experimental evidence, and put more appreciation into the nucleic acid literature. Watson not only worked on the DNA structure he also did some work with Alexander Rich on the RNA. Another one of Watson’s experiments was the structure of TMV, using X-ray diffraction techniques. We will write a custom essay on Watson And Crick specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This was to see if chemical sub-units, were helically arranged. This was achieved in 1952, when use of the Cavendish’s newly constructed rotating anode X-ray tubes allowed an unambiguous demonstration of the helical construction of the virus. Watson and Crick have helped the world in more ways than one. By experimenting with DNA they have helped us to figure out human genetic questions. Their experiments also can lead into other things, such as maybe cloning the human DNA strand. Bibliography:

Who or what do you consider to be most responsible for the tragic outcome of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Who or what do you consider to be most responsible for the tragic outcome of Romeo and Juliet? Essay For this essay I am going to consider who or what is most responsible for the tragic outcome of romeo and juliet. There are many people who could be held responsible for the death of Romeo and Juliet these include Friar Laurence, the Capulet family, the Montague family, Paris or even Romeo or Juliet themselves. Out of all the characters in the play I consider Friar Laurence or Juliets Nurse to be most responsible for the death of Romeo and Juliet, whereas I also consider fate to be a very important factor of the tragedy. This play is a romantic tragedy. This means that from the beginning you know that the play is going to include romance and tragedy. Shakespeare was influenced by what was going on at the time when he wrote the play. For example the role of men and women in the house. Men overpowered women telling them what to do and what to believe. The family names were based on the families who were partly responsible for the civil strife in Italy. They were called the Montecchi family and the Capelletti family. So when the story of Romeo and Juliet was written and two families who contribute to a tragic outcome are needed this context was used but changed to Montague and Capulet. We will write a custom essay sample on Who or what do you consider to be most responsible for the tragic outcome of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who or what do you consider to be most responsible for the tragic outcome of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who or what do you consider to be most responsible for the tragic outcome of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The character who I would say is least responsible is Mercutio. He could be held responsible because if he had not duelled with Tybalt he would not have been killed. This led to Romeo killing Tybalt and being banished. Mercutio started by laughing at Tybalt, which angers him. When Romeo enters the scene Tybalt insults him by calling him a villain No better term than this thou art a villain. This means that Tybalt is calling Romeo a peasant, which is a great insult to a man of noble birth like Romeo. Tybalt challenges Romeo to a duel, when he refuses Mercutio takes up the challenge. If he had not done this then Romeo would not have been banished. Tybalt, you rat catcher, will you walk? Here Mercutio is asking Tybalt if he will fight with him. Calling him a rat catcher is referring to Tybalt being the Prince of Cats, in this fight Tybalt kills Mercutio. O Romeo, Romeo! Brave Mercutio is dead. Benvolio tells Romeo that Mercutio is dead. When Tybalt returns Romeo kills him. This gets Romeo banished. There are other characters that have added to this tragic ending more than Mercutio. The next characters that I will be looking at are Old Montague and Lady Montague. They did not take part in the action of the play but if they had not been feuding with the Capulets then Romeo and Juliet could have married without having to do it in secret. Old Montague is still eager to draw his sword and fight the Capulets. Thou villian Capulet! Hold me not; let me go. He wants to fight with Old Capulet but Lady Montague will not let him. Thou shalt not stir one foot to seek a foe. She wants to keep them from duelling and so stopping the families from making peace. If they had not been feuding and wanting to fight with the Capulets then the families could have been happy. I feel that although Juliet was one of the characters who ended with a tragic death she was partly responsible herself. She made many mistakes, which led to her death. The first of these is at the party where she meets Romeo for the first time. They flirt together and kiss Romeo says Then move not, while my prayers effect I take. This tells her what he is about to do to her, she does not pull away but instead she kisses him back. Another instance where she performs an action, which leads, towards her death is in the orchard. She exchanges promises of love and marriage to Romeo. If that thy bent of love be honourable, Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow. Here she says that if his love to her is good and true then they should marry and tell her the next day when and where. Soon after Juliet marries Romeo in secret. You do not see them get married but when the Friar says Come, come with me, and we will make short work, For, by your leaves, you shall not stay alone, Till holy church incorporate two in one. He is telling them to go with him where he will marry them quickly. When she refuses to marry Paris is another important thing which leads towards her death He shall not make me there a joyful bride! From hearing this her Father forces her in to marrying Paris or he threatens to disown her. The nurse tells her to forget Romeo and Juliet is alone. The main thing that went towards her death was when she took the sleeping potion. Heres drink I drink to thee! The potion made her sleep for forty-two hours, everybody would think she was dead and she would run off to be with Romeo. If she had not done these things she would have lived, married to Paris but alive. She shouldnt have deceived and disobeyed her parents and she was too hasty in rushing in to marriage. I would say that Romeo is as much to blame as Juliet is. He goes to the Capulet party when he is not invited the servant say If you be not of the house of Montagues Romeo is a Montague but he goes along to the party anyway. If he had not gone then he would not have met Juliet in the first place and so would not have led to their deaths. After he met Juliet he fell in love very quickly and acted too hastily. If he had been able to control his anger when Tybalt killed Mercutio he would not have been banished for killing Tybalt. Either thou, or I, or both must go with him. Here Romeo tells Tybalt that one of them or both of them must go with Mercutio to the grave. If he had not killed Tybalt Romeo and Juliet could have carried on their secret relationship much easier. He acted very violently. He acted very hastily which meant that he did not get all of the facts before he rushed back to Verona when Balthasar told him that Juliet was dead. He rushed to an apothecary who gave him a poison to kill himself when he sees Juliet dead. To Juliets grave, for there I must use thee. This tells us that he is going to Juliets grave to use the poison and kill himself. If he had not rushed off the second letter which Friar Laurence sent him would have reached him and he would have known the truth about Juliet. He should have thought more carefully and they might have ended up happy together. I feel that the Capulet family contributes to the tragic ending of the play more than the Montague family because if they had not pressured Juliet in to marrying Paris then she would not have taken the potion that resulted in her death. Juliet says Ill to the friar to know his remedy: If all else fail, myself have power to die. There she says that if the friar has no way of stopping the marriage she would kill herself. Capulet is so anxious to find Juliet a good husband that he does not stop to ask her what she wants. O Thursday let it be o Thursday tell her, She shall be married to this noble earl. Capulet decided when and to whom Juliet would be married. When she did not want to marry Paris because she was already married to Romeo he threatened to disown her. They also contributed to keeping the feud going like the Montague family. They were too hard on Juliet when she said that she did not want to marry Paris. Fate plays quite a part in this play there are many references to it including the scene before Romeo departs to Mantua. Juliet says O God! I have an ill-divining soul: Me thinks I see thee, now thou art so low, As one dead in the bottom of a tomb: Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookst pale. Juliet has a vision of Romeo dead in a tomb in fact the next time she sees him he is dead in a tomb. In Act three Scene three Friar Laurence says Take heed, take heed, for such die miserable. to Romeo. This means, cheer up cheer up for miserable people will die. This is a reference to fate because Romeo and Juliet both died when they were miserable. Lady Montague also dies at the end of the play when she is miserable about Romeo being banished. If fate has put in an appearance then there is no way of stopping what happens. There are two people who I consider to be most responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. These are Juliets nurse and Friar Laurence. Friar Laurence started by secretly marrying Romeo and Juliet. He thought that it might help to end the feud when the families found out. In one respect Ill thy assistant be, For this alliance may so happy prove To turn your households rancour to pure love. He always looked for the brighter side of things; he should have had a second thought that the feud between the families was so ancient and brutal that could the alliance of Romeo and Juliet really help to end the feud? In fact the only thing which ended the feud was the death of their children. The friar also gave Juliet the sleeping potion as part of his badly thought out plan. He acted irresponsibly and lied to everybody about Juliets death. If he had not run off when he heard a noise from within the tomb he could have stopped Juliet from killing herself. Come, go, good Juliet I dare no longer stay. He did not want to be blamed for the deaths of Romeo and Paris and be questioned about why Juliet was alive. The Nurse encouraged Juliet in her romantic ideas. She carried messages and helped the star crossed lovers to meet and get married secretly. She went behind her employers backs; they should have been able to trust her after fourteen years of service. When Juliet was being forced in to marrying Paris the nurse changed her views and advised Juliet to marry Paris. I think it best you married with the county. Juliet then feels alone and turns to the friar and his terrible plan. So from this I think that Mercutio is least responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet and Friar Laurence most responsible although every character has a part in the tragic ending. Mercutio duelled with Tybalt, which resulted in Romeo being banished but the friars terrible plan actually resulted in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. I consider Friar Laurence to be most responsible for the tragic outcome of Romeo and Juliet

Free Essays on Some Differences Between Counseling And Psychotherapy

Counseling Theories August 3, 1995 Running head: Coun. v. Psychotherapy Counseling v. psychotherapy is there a difference between the two? This paper will attempt to prove that there are several differences between counseling and psychotherapy. While counseling and psychotherapy have several different elements in each, the following information will also attempt to show the reader that there are some areas where the two overlap. At times this was a confusing topic to research. A fine line distinguishes the two topics and one must look hard to see this line. Definition of Counseling One survey taken by Gustad suggests a definition of counseling where he included three key elements. Counseling is a learning-oriented process, carried on in a simple, one to one social environment, in which a counselor, professionally competent in relevant psychological skills and knowledge, seeks to assist the client by methods appropriate to the latter's needs and within the context of the total personn el program, to learn more about himself, to learn how to put such understanding into effect in relation to more clearly perceived, realistically defined goals to the ` end that the client may become a happier and more productive member of his society (1957, p. 36). In lay terms counseling can be described as a face to face relationship, having goals to help a client to learn or acquire new skills which will enable them to cope and adjust to life situations. The focus is to help a person reach maximum fulfillment or potential, and to become fully functioning as a person. Definition of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the process inwhich a therapists assists the client in re-organizing his or her personality. The therapist also helps the client integrate insights into everyday behavior. Psychotherapy can be defined as "more inclusive re-education of the individual" (Brammer& Shostrom,1977). Objectives of counseling The objectives of counseling according to the C... Free Essays on Some Differences Between Counseling And Psychotherapy Free Essays on Some Differences Between Counseling And Psychotherapy Counseling Theories August 3, 1995 Running head: Coun. v. Psychotherapy Counseling v. psychotherapy is there a difference between the two? This paper will attempt to prove that there are several differences between counseling and psychotherapy. While counseling and psychotherapy have several different elements in each, the following information will also attempt to show the reader that there are some areas where the two overlap. At times this was a confusing topic to research. A fine line distinguishes the two topics and one must look hard to see this line. Definition of Counseling One survey taken by Gustad suggests a definition of counseling where he included three key elements. Counseling is a learning-oriented process, carried on in a simple, one to one social environment, in which a counselor, professionally competent in relevant psychological skills and knowledge, seeks to assist the client by methods appropriate to the latter's needs and within the context of the total personn el program, to learn more about himself, to learn how to put such understanding into effect in relation to more clearly perceived, realistically defined goals to the ` end that the client may become a happier and more productive member of his society (1957, p. 36). In lay terms counseling can be described as a face to face relationship, having goals to help a client to learn or acquire new skills which will enable them to cope and adjust to life situations. The focus is to help a person reach maximum fulfillment or potential, and to become fully functioning as a person. Definition of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the process inwhich a therapists assists the client in re-organizing his or her personality. The therapist also helps the client integrate insights into everyday behavior. Psychotherapy can be defined as "more inclusive re-education of the individual" (Brammer& Shostrom,1977). Objectives of counseling The objectives of counseling according to the C...

link essays

link essays A Tale of Two Cities and Things Fall Apart are both novels of social protest. Both novels are focused largely on class struggle. The broad theme of class struggle is important, but it is also important to note how Madame and Monsieur Defarge react to the unjust monarchy in revolutionary France compared with Okonkwos reactions to the class struggles in the Ibo tribe. This comparison is important because these characters actions set the tone of the respective novels. Class struggle motivates Okonkwos aspirations and the Defarges retaliations. The privileges that come with being a higher classed member of society roused Okonkwo to strive for higher social standing. These same privileges inflamed Madame Defarge to plot the downfall of the wealthy. Class struggle was the cause for Okonkwos inner turmoil as well as the French Revolution. In A Tale of Two Cities Dickens writes about how in late 18Th century France, peasant "scarecrows" starved while nobility and royalty treated themselves to every indulgence. "For the time was to come, when the gaunt scarecrows of that region should have watched the lamplighter, in their idleness and hunger, so long, as to conceive the idea of improving on his method, and hauling up men by those ropes and pulleys, to flare upon the darkness of their condition. But, the time was not come yet; and every wind that blew over France shook the rags of the scarecrows in vain, for the birds, fine of song and feather, took no warning" (Dickens, 27). Because of the suffering and hunger that faced them, the peasant harbored great hatred and resentment towards nobility. This struggle between social classes was a prominent theme in not only Dickens's work, but in Chinua Achebe's as well. "Among these people, a man was judged according to his worth" (Achebe, 8). In Things Fall Apart, Achebe shows the Ibo as having definite boundaries between social classes. Men were judged based o...